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Bangla Academy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bangla Academy (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমী), established on 3 December 1955, is the national academy for promoting Bangla language in Bangladesh. It has been playing a significant role in the development and modernisation of Bangla.[1] The main office of the organization is located at the Burdwan House, once a part of the campus of the University of Dhaka, beside Suhrawardy Udyan.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
The importance of establishing an organization for Bengali language was first emphasized by the linguist Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah. [2] [3] Later, following the Language movement, on April 27, 1952, the All Party National Language Committee decided to demand establishment of an organisation for the promotion of Bengali language.
During the 1954 parliamentary elections, the United Front's 21 point manifesto stated that, "The prime minister from the United Front will dedicate the Bardhaman House for establishing a research centre for Bengali language". [3] Following the election success of the Front, the education minister Syed Azizul Haque placed the order to fulfill this promise.
In 1955, the Government formed a committee to expedite the process. The committee was composed of leading intellectuals like Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah, Dr. Qazi Motahar Hossain, Dr. S.M. Bhattacharya, Dr. W. H. Shadani, and Muhammad Barkatullah. On December 3, 1955, the prime minister, Abu Hossain, inaugurated the Bangla Academy.[3]
At first, Muhammad Barkatullah acted as the Special Officer in charge. Later, in 1956, Dr. Enamul Haque took over as the first director general. In 1957, an act of the parliament formally established the funding source and the Government support for the Academy. [3] The first book published by the academy was Laili Maznu, an epic by the medieval poet Daulat Ujir Bahram Khan, and edited by Prof. Ahmed Sharif. The first fellow of the academy was the poet Farrukh Ahmed. [3]
During the Pakistan period, Bangla Academy was a semi-government organization. In the financial year 1960-61 it received an annual grant of Rs two lakh from the provincial government and a regular annual grant of Rs one lakh from the central government. In 1969-70 the grant was increased, but it was not sufficient to meet the requirements of the Academy. After the liberation of Bangladesh, the Central Board for Development of Bengali, run by the earlier Central Government of Pakistan, was merged with the Bangla Academy and the administrative structure of the Academy was changed. The post of Director was upgraded to that of Director General. Two separate new divisions were opened: Textbook and Folklore. The allocation of the government increased to 32 lakh in 1972-73. After 25 years of independence the fourth five-year plan (1991-95) allocated Taka six crore for publication.[1]
[edit] Activities
The main task of the Academy is to conduct research on Bengali language, culture, history, and publish Bengali literary and research work. It has also established the Bangla Academy Award, given each year for contribution to Bengali language.
To commemorate the Language movement and the Language martyr's day, the Academy organises the month-long Ekushey Book Fair, the largest book fair in the country.
[edit] Functions
The functions and structure of the Academy have been devised on the model of the French Academy. The main function of the Academy is the promotion and development of Bangla. It is also involved in research and publication on Bangla language and literature. It has five divisions: Research, Translation, Compilation, Publication and Library. It has a considerable folklore collection, including puthis (manuscripts) of ancient and medieval periods, folk songs, folk tales, rhymes, puzzles etc., some of which has been published. It has published textbooks and reference books in Bangla, collected works of major Bangla writers, textbooks and reference books in Bangla, Bangla translations of books on literature, history, sciences, social sciences, etc, as well as translations of major works in Bangla into foreign languages.
The Academy publishes six journals: the Bangla Academy Patrika (quarterly), Uttaradhikar (quarterly), the Bangla Academy Bijnan Patrika (half-yearly), the Bangla Academy Journal (half-yearly in English), Dhanshaliker Desh (juvenile quarterly) and Lekha (monthly). Apart from publications, the Bangla Academy also holds seminars and discussions on different subjects, cultural functions, etc. It arranges Bangla language courses for foreigners as well as technical training and Bangla word processing. It has a young writers' project and also provides research scholarships. The annual book fair held in February has become an important literary and cultural event, for which writers and publishers strive to publish new books. Lectures are arranged during the month on various aspects of Bangla language and literature. Cultural functions are also held throughout the month, highlighting Bengali culture. The Bangla Academy Literary Award given on the occasion of Ekushey February is considered a very prestigious award.
[edit] Contribution
One of the Academy's major contributions to Bangla has been its work of compiling and publishing dictionaries and encyclopaedia. Among the dictionaries published by the Academy are Bengali-English Dictionary, English-Bengali Dictionary, Arbi-Bangla Abhidhan (Arabic-Bangla Dictionary), Bangla Uchcharan Abhidhan (Dictionary of Bangla Pronunciation), Bangla Banan-Abhidhan (Dictionary of Bangla Orthography), Sangksipta Bangla Abhidhan (Concise Bangla Dictionary), Aitihasik Abhidhan (Dictionary of Historical Events), Bangladesher Anchalik Bhasar Abhidhan (A Lexicon of Bangladeshi Dialects), Arthaniti Abhidhan (Dictionary of Economics), Samajbijnan Shabdakos (Glossary of Sociology), Ain-Kos (Glossary of Law), Sahitya-Kos (Dictionary of Literature), Sangit-Kos (Glossary of Music), Nazrul Shabdakos (Nazrul Dictionary). It has also published a number of encyclopaedias and biographical dictionaries such as Bijnan Bishvakosh (Science Encyclopedia), Charitabhidhan (Biographical Dictionary), and Lekhak Abhidhan (Dictionary of Writers). Among its other contributions to the development of Bangla is its guideline for Bangla spelling.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c "Bangla Academy". Banglapedia. https://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/B_0134.HTM. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ Al-Helal, Bashir (1986) (in Bengali). "Bangla Academy'r Itihaas" (History of Bangla Academy"). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangla Academy.
- ^ a b c d e Mamun, Muntasir (January 2004) [1993] (in Bengali). "Dhaka: Smriti Bismritir Nogori" (3rd edition, 4th printing ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Ananya Publishers. pp. 178–180. ISBN 9844121043.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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Bangla Academy
Bangla Academy (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমী), established on 3 December 1955, is the national academy for promoting Bangla language in Bangladesh. It has been playing a significant role in the development and modernisation of Bangla.[1] The main office of the organization is located at the Burdwan House, once a part of the campus of the University of Dhaka, beside Suhrawardy Udyan.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
The importance of establishing an organization for Bengali language was first emphasized by the linguist Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah. [2] [3] Later, following the Language movement, on April 27, 1952, the All Party National Language Committee decided to demand establishment of an organisation for the promotion of Bengali language.
During the 1954 parliamentary elections, the United Front's 21 point manifesto stated that, "The prime minister from the United Front will dedicate the Bardhaman House for establishing a research centre for Bengali language". [3] Following the election success of the Front, the education minister Syed Azizul Haque placed the order to fulfill this promise.
In 1955, the Government formed a committee to expedite the process. The committee was composed of leading intellectuals like Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah, Dr. Qazi Motahar Hossain, Dr. S.M. Bhattacharya, Dr. W. H. Shadani, and Muhammad Barkatullah. On December 3, 1955, the prime minister, Abu Hossain, inaugurated the Bangla Academy.[3]
At first, Muhammad Barkatullah acted as the Special Officer in charge. Later, in 1956, Dr. Enamul Haque took over as the first director general. In 1957, an act of the parliament formally established the funding source and the Government support for the Academy. [3] The first book published by the academy was Laili Maznu, an epic by the medieval poet Daulat Ujir Bahram Khan, and edited by Prof. Ahmed Sharif. The first fellow of the academy was the poet Farrukh Ahmed. [3]
During the Pakistan period, Bangla Academy was a semi-government organization. In the financial year 1960-61 it received an annual grant of Rs two lakh from the provincial government and a regular annual grant of Rs one lakh from the central government. In 1969-70 the grant was increased, but it was not sufficient to meet the requirements of the Academy. After the liberation of Bangladesh, the Central Board for Development of Bengali, run by the earlier Central Government of Pakistan, was merged with the Bangla Academy and the administrative structure of the Academy was changed. The post of Director was upgraded to that of Director General. Two separate new divisions were opened: Textbook and Folklore. The allocation of the government increased to 32 lakh in 1972-73. After 25 years of independence the fourth five-year plan (1991-95) allocated Taka six crore for publication.[1]
[edit] Activities
The main task of the Academy is to conduct research on Bengali language, culture, history, and publish Bengali literary and research work. It has also established the Bangla Academy Award, given each year for contribution to Bengali language.
To commemorate the Language movement and the Language martyr's day, the Academy organises the month-long Ekushey Book Fair, the largest book fair in the country.
[edit] Functions
The functions and structure of the Academy have been devised on the model of the French Academy. The main function of the Academy is the promotion and development of Bangla. It is also involved in research and publication on Bangla language and literature. It has five divisions: Research, Translation, Compilation, Publication and Library. It has a considerable folklore collection, including puthis (manuscripts) of ancient and medieval periods, folk songs, folk tales, rhymes, puzzles etc., some of which has been published. It has published textbooks and reference books in Bangla, collected works of major Bangla writers, textbooks and reference books in Bangla, Bangla translations of books on literature, history, sciences, social sciences, etc, as well as translations of major works in Bangla into foreign languages.
The Academy publishes six journals: the Bangla Academy Patrika (quarterly), Uttaradhikar (quarterly), the Bangla Academy Bijnan Patrika (half-yearly), the Bangla Academy Journal (half-yearly in English), Dhanshaliker Desh (juvenile quarterly) and Lekha (monthly). Apart from publications, the Bangla Academy also holds seminars and discussions on different subjects, cultural functions, etc. It arranges Bangla language courses for foreigners as well as technical training and Bangla word processing. It has a young writers' project and also provides research scholarships. The annual book fair held in February has become an important literary and cultural event, for which writers and publishers strive to publish new books. Lectures are arranged during the month on various aspects of Bangla language and literature. Cultural functions are also held throughout the month, highlighting Bengali culture. The Bangla Academy Literary Award given on the occasion of Ekushey February is considered a very prestigious award.
[edit] Contribution
One of the Academy's major contributions to Bangla has been its work of compiling and publishing dictionaries and encyclopaedia. Among the dictionaries published by the Academy are Bengali-English Dictionary, English-Bengali Dictionary, Arbi-Bangla Abhidhan (Arabic-Bangla Dictionary), Bangla Uchcharan Abhidhan (Dictionary of Bangla Pronunciation), Bangla Banan-Abhidhan (Dictionary of Bangla Orthography), Sangksipta Bangla Abhidhan (Concise Bangla Dictionary), Aitihasik Abhidhan (Dictionary of Historical Events), Bangladesher Anchalik Bhasar Abhidhan (A Lexicon of Bangladeshi Dialects), Arthaniti Abhidhan (Dictionary of Economics), Samajbijnan Shabdakos (Glossary of Sociology), Ain-Kos (Glossary of Law), Sahitya-Kos (Dictionary of Literature), Sangit-Kos (Glossary of Music), Nazrul Shabdakos (Nazrul Dictionary). It has also published a number of encyclopaedias and biographical dictionaries such as Bijnan Bishvakosh (Science Encyclopedia), Charitabhidhan (Biographical Dictionary), and Lekhak Abhidhan (Dictionary of Writers). Among its other contributions to the development of Bangla is its guideline for Bangla spelling.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c "Bangla Academy". Banglapedia. https://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/B_0134.HTM. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ Al-Helal, Bashir (1986) (in Bengali). "Bangla Academy'r Itihaas" (History of Bangla Academy"). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangla Academy.
- ^ a b c d e Mamun, Muntasir (January 2004) [1993] (in Bengali). "Dhaka: Smriti Bismritir Nogori" (3rd edition, 4th printing ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Ananya Publishers. pp. 178–180. ISBN 9844121043.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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